Thalassemia Disease Hemoglobin

Thalassemia Disease Hemoglobin Thalassemia What is Thalassemia and what does it do? Thalassemia is a disease first discovered by Dr. Thomas B. Cooley in 1925. Its an inherited genetic disorder that causes our bodies to produce fewer healthy red blood cells and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen all throughout our bodies. It also carries two chains called alpha globin chains and beta globin chains. Alpha globin chains are made with four genes. Alpha Thalassemia happens when two to four of those genes are missing. It can cause serious damage. Beta Globin chains are made with two genes and when one of the genes are also missing or changed, Beta Thalassemia occurs. Red blood cells will not perform properly when these chains are missing or altered. When red blood cells cant perform tasks and work, they die and your body doesnt function correctly, leading to serious consequences. Thalassemia can be diagnosed by taking blood tests, special hemoglobin tests, or having a complete blood count, otherwise known as CBC. CBC tests are used to provide information about the amount of hemoglobin and the different kinds of blood cells in a sample. Hemoglobin tests are used to measure the types of hemoglobin in a sample. It is usually diagnosed in early childhood due to the fact that signs and symptoms of this disease appear in the first two years of a humans life. Doctors also do tests on the amount of iron in the blood to find out if the Thalassemia occurred because of iron deficiency. Since Thalassemia is an inherited disorder, a simple way to diagnose it would be to conduct family genetic studies. This helps by looking at the history of family traits, similar to a pedigree. There are ways to tell if a person has Thalassemia. Symptoms can include slowed growth and delayed puberty in children and teens. Bone problems can make the bones become wider than normal because of expanding bone marrow, more fragile, and easy to break. These bone problems occur mainly in the face. More signs of Thalassemia can be an enlarged spleen. People with Thalassemia have hard-working spleens. In some cases when a spleen becomes too large, it must be removed. The heart and liver might grow bigger as well. Some peoples appearance becomes pale and listless. They lose their appetites, have dark urine, and get jaundice as a result of Thalassemia. They might also feel tired and drowsy. Carriers of Thalassemia often show no signs of the disease. Unfortunately, because Thalassemia is passed on from parents to offspring, it cannot be prevented, however, it can be treated. Treatments for Thalassemia include Blood Transfusions, Iron Chelation Therapy, Folic Acid Supplements, Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant, as well as treatments that researchers are still conducting experiments on. When given a blood transfusion, the patient receives new healthy red blood cells and more hemoglobin through a needle being inserted into their vein. Iron Chelation Therapy is needed and used to remove excess iron from the body using two medicines, Deferoxamine and Deferasirox. Deferoxamine is a liquid given under the skin with a pump, and Deferasirox is a pill that is taken daily for patients with Thalassemia. Both may cause side effects such as loss of hearing and vision, headaches, nausea, joint pain, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea. Thalassemia does not affect a person based on gender, but it is more common in some nationalities more than in others. For example, Alpha Thalassemia mostly occurs in people of the Southeast Asian, Indian Chinese, or Filipino origin, while Beta Thalassemia mainly occurs in people of the Mediterranean, Asian, or African origin. Even though it is more common in these nationalities, it does not mean that others are not at risk. It affects all people. People who live Thalassemia today go through daily treatments including taking folic acid supplements. Many people have been cured and blood screening have lowered the amount of infections in blood transfusions. Also new treatments are becoming available, and making it easier for people with this disease to take them. People who have Thalassemia are recommended to always wash their hands, avoid crowds during cold and flu season, keep skin around blood transfusion areas very clean, and to contact their doctors if a fever occurs.

The Conflict Theory: The Elites Profit while the Lower Class is Controlled by Education

Education in America today plays numerous roles in determining the social and economic outcome of society and those who dwell in it. When questioning the purpose of education and whether it is producing social classes or providing equal opportunity for all students, there are two general responses to contemplate. The Consensus theory states education’s purpose is to bring out the potential of every student and that each person can positively contribute to the well-being of society according to his or her capabilities.The Conflict theory argues education is in place to dictate and determine the potential of every student and if everyone was pushed to their potential society would not work, basically society needs the working class to thrive. By controlling the lower class through education and other institutions the elite persist to profit and stay at the top of the social and economical scale. Consensus theorists define society as a collection of like-minded people pursuing a common goal, yet along with natural resources, human resources are limited, so society must maximize its short supply in order to accomplish necessary functions.This social structure requires society to be divided into separate, but overlapping areas of responsibility creating social institutions. These institutions establish and organize a system of social behavior with a particular and recognized purpose. Before the Industrial Revolution sociologists such as Emile Durkheim, focused on schooling as one of the most important social institutions existing. He wrote, â€Å"Education is the influence exercised by adult generations on those that are not yet ready for social life.Its objective is to arouse and to develop in the child a certain number of physical, intellectual and moral states which are demanded of him by both the political society as a whole and the special milieu for which he is specifically destined. † (Sociology of Education, pg. 14) Durkheim strongly believed t hat schools played a major role in forming a functioning society with consistent moral values. This institution was a crucial element for sustaining order and growth in society.As society advanced from the agricultural to the industrial era public education arose as businesses required more complex knowledge in order to build and sustain society. The shift from gemeinshaft to gesselschaft created a rapid breakdown in socialization. Because functionalists, such as Durkheim believed the social order was brought about by educational institutions â€Å"any change in society reflects a change in education and vise versa. † Sociology of Education, pg. 4) Rather than a community defined by intimate bonds, it became impersonal and focused on organic solidarity. In order to keep a cohesive society public schools reflect the widespread beliefs creating a forged sense of nationhood and American values. In society occupational roles were expected to be achieved by merit. Education, an ob vious input mechanism for achievement, became a necessity in society. Occupational tasks in the newly developed work force required various levels of skills, intelligence, and motivation.Jobs involving higher levels of human resources are more highly rewarded due to their important impact on the eminence of the American way of life. Functionalists today view school as â€Å"The consensus and common bond between members of society, taught and reinforced in schools through socialization into shared norms, unites groups working toward common goals and keeps groups from disintegrating. † (Sociology of Education, pg. 15) They view school as an essential foundation in building an open democratic society, as a means of solving problems of inequality and discrimination.Yet these â€Å"shared norms† imbedded into the learning criteria are produced by the upper class and ensure them from â€Å"disintegrating† because they are already exposed to the curricula being taught , where as those of lower social classes and other ethnicities are not, giving the upper class, yet another social and economic advantage. Conflict theorists argue that the organization and structure of society are based on domination and oppression. Society is a competitive arena where groups struggle for authority as the dominant group assembles society for their benefit.With the proper up-bringing and education a person can accomplish most anything because human abilities are infinite. Conflict theorists find that all social institutions are structured to benefit the dominant class and vanquish the lower social class by making them think and/or feel a certain way. â€Å"The â€Å"haves† often use coercive power and manipulation to hold society together to their benefit, but this theory recognizes that change is inevitable and sometimes rapid, as the conflicts of the interest lead to the overthrow of existing power structures. † (Sociology of Education, pg. 7) Using education to manipulate the lower class, the elite teach the poor that they deserve to be at the bottom to prevent rebellion. One mechanism used is another institution that has been an issue in public education since it conception. Religion, â€Å"the opiate of the masses† dulls your senses and provides a false perception of society. The Protestant sector was the at one time the only schooling available and influenced what was taught for decades. Protestant ethic states that your future is predetermined at birth, therefore legitimizing the rule of the dominant.This is often referred to as blame the victim ideology. It puts the crisis of poverty on the poor and releases the elite of responsibility. During the Industrial era the upper class concentrated on developing hidden curriculum that based its importance on the structure, rather than the subject matter, teaching children to be worthy workers, consumers, and citizens. This hidden curriculum â€Å"contains a social and eco nomic agenda that is responsible for separation social classes, giving elites more freedom and opportunity, and training non-elites to accept their lot as obedient, punctual workers. (Sociology of Education, pg. 260) For the working class schooling follows simple skills curricula with little thought put into the work, while upper class students learn to reason and conceptualize subject matters. Schooling was set in place for the working class to produce disciplined, punctual, obedient workers who had basic skills and were content with repetitious tasks. In the modern era private schooling arose in response to the rise of Capitalism to assure advancement and success of the dominant class and their children.The availability of high quality education is limited to the rich. Public schools are funded by property tax assuring lower class communities to have poor public schools. In segregated and poor cities schools do not have the adequate funds for sufficient buildings, staff, or suppli es. â€Å"Critics also willfully ignore the health conditions and the psychological disarray of children growing up in burnt-out housing, playing on contaminated land, and walking past acres of smoldering garbage on their way to school.They also ignore the vast expense entailed in trying to make up for the debilitated skills of many parents who were prior victims of these segregated schools or those of Mississippi. †(Savage Inequalities, pg. 37) This is a perfect example of the elite using their power in society including media, politics, and general influence in the education system to keep the poor at the bottom for generations. Private schools are beyond the reach of the poor due to significantly high tuition charges.It is tragic enough that poverty stricken regions have floods in the halls and rats in the cafeteria, but even public schools that are moderately wealthy tend to be bias to class origins, regarding lower class students differently. Bowes and Gintis’ Eco nomic Reproduction theory stresses the role of capitalists, the dictators, in determining the structure of society. It is based on the principle that there must be a correspondence between the needs of the economic systems and the shape, form, and function of all social institutions.Within the class system a specific human identity must be formed for capitalism to function. One way this is done is keeping the unemployment rate high, by producing a reserve army of skilled labor wages stay low. Bourdieu’s theory of Cultural Capital states that the operation of schooling in America favors the upper classes by privileging their cultural knowledge and devaluing that of the lower class. Cultural capital is general knowledge, background, disposition, and skills that are passed down from one generation to the next.Upper class children, by virtue of certain linguistic and cultural competence acquired through family upbringing, are provided the means of appropriation for success in sch ools. In the film To Sir, with Love the illustration of cultural capital was apparent as Thackeray throws out regular learning curricula, literally, and starts teaching basic skills and manners of society, also known as cultural capital. Thackeray even takes the class on weekly field trips to museums exposing them to art and history that is common knowledge to the upper class.By growing up in an environment where you are read to every night by your parents, take trips to museums, attend concerts, and so on, the academic performance, in schools based around the upper class culture, is translated into economic success by getting better jobs. In To Sir, with Love at the end of the film a graduating student got a job as a page boy, today known as a bell hops, and was proud and excited about his future in the work world, but was set on eventually going to a secondary night school to improve his chances at upward mobility.With a greater sense of cultural capital it gave the students in th e film higher aspirations and confidence, because in reality without it they had no chance in a social structure controlled by the elite. Education is valued differently from one social class to the next. For the lower class education is valued, but considered out of reach and abstract. Middle class view it as a ladder, â€Å"If you work hard upward mobility is a possibility. † The upper class perspective of education is based more on connections rather than the actual education received, which are easily found when your parents are members of elite social clubs.Paul Willis Resistance Theory, contrary to Bourdieu’s premise, deems that culture mediates between social structure and individual action. The reason youth view restricted and meaningless jobs to be sensible for them are due to the process of autonomy. Willis argues that there are two types of working class student cultures; the Ear’oles, who aspire to middle class occupations and comply with school norm s and the Lads, or resistors, who reject school ideology in attempts of maintaining their own culture. This is done by overthrowing teacher and administrative authority and disrupting classes.This was also displayed by Thackeray’s class when they continually harassed him by cutting off the legs of his desk and even burning a used feminine toiletry on the classroom fireplace. The root of this objection is a direct response of the realization of the exceedingly limited chances for upward mobility leaving the working class resentful and confrontational. Willis points out the problematic view points of the working class keeping them from advancing in the social structure of society are the principles that devalue mental work and their inferiority of the female.Because people do not react passively to domination the cultural level of the working class is marked by contestation, resistance, and or compromise making school a site for class conflict. Willis and Bourdieu’s theo ries are both mechanisms of social reproduction in that they acknowledge that schools are institutions structured to implement the desires of capitalists, but before looking at the structure of the education system he first examines the culture, attitudes, and experiences of the lower class youth. By considering only the nonconformist lads in his study, Willis is hard-pressed to illuminate the purely institutional mechanisms that constrain the social mobility of working class individuals.And his insistence on the autonomy of culture means that his actual account of how the lads end up in manual labor occupations is remarkably free of attention to structurally embedded constraints. † (Reproduction Theory Reconsidered, pg. 136) As the theory of Resistance focuses on the culture of social classes and how aspirations are haped and altered by the lifestyle of the lower class, Cultural Capital concentrates on the influence structure within society’s institutions, including ed ucation, have on social classes and ultimately their outcomes in life. â€Å"Aspirations provide a conceptual link between structure and agency in that they are rooted firmly in individual proclivity (agency) but also are acutely sensitive to perceived societal constrains (structure). † (Reproduction Theory Reconsidered, pg. 137)

Appraisal Of Health Care Delivery System - 1478 Words

Appraisal of Health Care Delivery System The health care industry is constantly evolving and improving to provide opportunities for patients and providers to promote health and decrease expenditures. The Service, Outcomes and Resource Stewardship Model is one tool that allows individual organizations to objectively evaluate service and implement changes to improve patient and professional satisfaction while improving quality and resource stewardship. With increased knowledge, a Doctor of Nurse Practitioner (DNP) will be able to use adaptive leadership skills to improve communication between health care providers, patients and implement organizational enhancements that will promote healthier behaviors for individuals, communities, and†¦show more content†¦This includes the setting, process and professionals who deliver health care services to patients. The service that is provided is multifaceted to include location, professionalism and standards of care, patient flow, and communication between providers, staff and patients. The service aspect of the triad also includes the perception of satisfaction for all consumers of health care, including the providers, patients and the health care organization (Cowing, Davino-Ramaya, Ramaya, Szmerekovsky, 2009). The keys to satisfaction with the process of health care include communication and adaptive leadership. Effective communication and adaptive leadership skills in the service triad is essential to ensure that each participant in the health care experience are able to achieve the individualized goals for each encounter. The outcomes aspect of the triad is dependent upon the relationship and interaction between the service components of the triad. The ability to communicate between provider, patient and health care organization will directly impact the outcome of an encounter. 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Analysis Of The Poem The Beautiful Song Of Solomon...

H istorically, the Biblical Prophets emerged as a powerful evolving illumination of God, with various ones readily proclaiming that â€Å"Our Maker is our Husband.† The beautiful Song of Solomon materializes as a blissful love letter, reflected as the Holy of Holies. Persistently, throughout the Bible, the prophets portray their allegiance to God and demonstrate the significance of â€Å"loving the Lord God, with all our heart, soul and might† (Deut 6:5); however, initially this tremendous devotion within these strong warriors existed far from my appreciation. God of War In my younger years, I had an enormous problem with the Old Testament, for like a myriad of Christian s, I loved the New Testament with all of Christ’s kindness and love; however, when I would try to read the earlier text, the majority of what I extracted from it portrayed an immense quantity of battles, betrayals, and killings. Essentially, early on, I read the Bible quickly a few times, particularly various parts of the OT, scrutinizing assorted books, trying to assemble some sense of it all; yet, I often ended up experiencing additional confusion. Routinely I would ask various people concerning the texts and read numerous books pertaining to its countless meanings; profoundly nothing ever benefited my searching heart. Specifically, there were the â€Å"holy men,† who professed to be the prophets; intentionally traveling the country calling quite a few of its inhabitants, whores, harlots, and anything else theyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. MyManagementLab Access a host of interactive learning aids to help strengthen your understanding of the chapter concepts at www.mymanagementlab.com cott Nicholson sits alone in his parents’ house in suburban Boston